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Physiotherapy Glossary

Our London Physiotherapy Services

Note: This glossary is for educational purposes and doesn’t replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified physiotherapist or healthcare provider for personalised assessment and treatment.

Reviewed by Our Lead Physiotherapist and clinic owner, Rebecca Bossick, BSc (Hons) Physiotherapy. 

  • Over 10 years of experience in physiotherapy and working with professional athletes, team GB athletes and celebrities.
  • Recognised for treating 1,000s of clients and earning hundreds of five-star reviews for her exceptional care.

A

An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a bulge in the main artery (the aorta) that carries blood from the heart through the abdomen. It often develops slowly, with few or no symptoms, but can become life-threatening if it enlarges or ruptures. According to NHS guidelines, men aged 65 and over are offered screening to detect an AAA early. While direct physiotherapy intervention is limited for aneurysms, at One Body LDN, our clinicians may support patients post-surgery or during overall cardiovascular rehabilitation to optimize mobility and core stability, reducing strain on the abdominal region.

Activities designed to strengthen and build the muscles in the abdominal area.

A therapeutic massage focusing on the abdomen and lower back, often extending to the neck, aimed at aligning internal organs and improving blood flow and lymphatic drainage.

An Acetabulum Fracture is a break in the socket of the hip joint, typically caused by high-impact trauma or a fall. This injury can severely limit weight-bearing and hip mobility. At One Body LDN, our physiotherapists focus on progressive weight-bearing exercises, range-of-motion work, and muscle strengthening to restore function once the fracture is stable or surgically repaired. According to the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy (CSP), early guided rehabilitation helps prevent complications like muscle wasting and joint stiffness, ensuring a safer return to daily activities.

Achilles Tendinopathy refers to inflammation or degenerative changes in the Achilles tendon, commonly seen in runners or those with repetitive strain. It can cause stiffness, pain, and swelling near the heel. At One Body LDN, we focus on eccentric strengthening exercises, manual therapy, and gradual load management to improve tendon resilience. CSP recommendations highlight the importance of early intervention and activity modification to prevent worsening symptoms. By addressing underlying biomechanical issues, we help patients recover faster and reduce the likelihood of future flare-ups.

Definition (Simple):
A surgical procedure to reattach or mend a torn Achilles tendon.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary:

  • Postoperative rehabilitation is crucial for tendon healing and to regain strength.
  • Involves gradual loading exercises, starting with gentle range of motion, then moving to calf strengthening.
  • NHS sources suggest a structured rehab protocol can take up to 6–12 months for full return to sports.

An Achilles Rupture is a complete or partial tear of the tendon connecting your calf muscles to your heel bone, often happening during sudden pushes-off in sports. Symptoms typically include a sharp pain at the back of the ankle and difficulty walking. At One Body LDN, we use a structured rehabilitation protocol with progressive loading exercises to promote tendon healing and restore strength. NHS guidelines suggest that both surgical and conservative (cast or brace) treatments can benefit from targeted physiotherapy, helping patients regain functional mobility and reducing the risk of re-injury.

An injury to the shoulder joint connecting the collarbone and shoulder blade, typically without dislocation.

AC Arthritis affects the acromioclavicular joint at the top of the shoulder, usually due to wear and tear, injury, or degenerative changes. It often causes pain when lifting the arm or lying on the affected side. At One Body LDN, our physiotherapists use manual therapy, targeted exercises, and activity modifications to alleviate discomfort and strengthen surrounding muscles. According to NHS guidelines, most AC joint arthritis can be managed conservatively with physiotherapy, although severe cases may require further medical intervention. Early treatment can significantly improve shoulder function and quality of life.

A knee injury affecting the ligament connecting the thigh and shin bones, important for stability and movement control.

Definition (Simple):
A structured rehabilitation program following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery in the knee.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary:

  • Focuses on restoring knee stability, strength, and function.
  • Usually includes progressive loading, balance training, and sport-specific drills if returning to athletics.
  • NHS guidelines emphasize a gradual approach over several months to allow proper ligament healing and reduce re-injury risk.

An injury to the ligaments around the ankle caused by awkward twisting or turning.

Pain located at the front and center of the knee, arising from various conditions like Runner’s knee or Chondromalacia patella.

Definition (Simple):
A therapy where fine, sterile needles are inserted into specific points of the body to help relieve pain and promote natural healing.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary:

  • Often used to reduce muscle tension and improve blood flow.
  • Can help manage conditions like lower back pain or knee osteoarthritis.
  • According to NHS guidelines, acupuncture may be an option for persistent musculoskeletal pain when delivered by qualified professionals.

The correct positioning and arrangement of body parts in relation to each other.

Definition (Simple):
Movement in a joint carried out only by your own muscular effort, without any external help.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary:

  • Indicates how well you can move a joint independently.
  • Useful for tracking recovery progress after injury or surgery.
  • At One Body LDN, we assess AROM to tailor exercise programs and monitor improvements over time.

Definition (Simple):
Describes a short-term or recent condition or injury, usually with a sudden onset (e.g., a sprained ankle).

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary:

  • Early diagnosis and intervention often speed up recovery.
  • According to CSP recommendations, prompt physiotherapy can prevent an acute problem from becoming chronic.
  • Common acute issues include muscle strains, ligament sprains, or minor fractures.

Acute Neck Pain describes a sudden onset of discomfort in the neck, often from muscle strain, poor posture, or minor injury. Symptoms may include stiffness, pain on movement, and tension headaches. At One Body LDN, we provide hands-on therapy, ergonomic advice, and exercises to ease tension and restore normal movement patterns. NHS guidelines encourage gentle movement and posture awareness for quick recovery. By addressing underlying causes—such as stress or poor workstation setup—we help patients reduce pain, enhance mobility, and lower the risk of recurring neck issues.

A condition marked by joint inflammation, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited movement.

Definition (Simple):
Bands of internal scar tissue that can form around muscles or organs, often resulting from stress, strain, or injury.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary:

  • Adhesions may restrict movement or cause pain if they limit muscle glide.
  • Physiotherapy treatments such as manual therapy and soft tissue techniques can help break down these scar tissues.
  • Regular exercise and stretching can prevent adhesions from recurring.

A robust tissue connecting calf muscles to the heel, facilitating foot movement and bearing significant force during activities like walking and running.

Fundamental self-care tasks such as bathing, dressing, and eating, often used as a functional ability measure in physiotherapy.

Adductor Tendinopathy involves overuse or strain of the tendons along the inner thigh (groin area), commonly seen in sports requiring sudden direction changes. It presents as groin pain that can worsen with kicking or pivoting. At One Body LDN, our therapists use gradual strengthening exercises, manual therapy, and load management strategies to promote tendon healing and prevent re-injury. CSP guidance supports an individualized approach to rehabilitation, emphasizing progressive loading and flexibility work. By restoring strength and balance, patients regain confidence in high-impact activities without aggravating the injury.

Definition: Spinal pain occurring in teenagers, often due to rapid growth, sports strains, or poor posture.
Why It Matters: According to NHS guidance, early intervention can prevent chronic issues. At One Body LDN, we emphasize posture correction, individualized exercises, and education to ensure healthy spinal development.

Definition: A sideways curvature of the spine that develops in adolescents without a known cause.
Why It Matters: Early detection and treatment can limit progression. CSP guidelines highlight physiotherapy’s role in posture training and strengthening. At One Body LDN, we tailor exercise programs to improve spinal alignment and support normal growth.

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, affecting daily functioning.

Definition: Excessive forward curvature of the upper spine, often seen in older adults due to weakened back muscles and degenerative changes.
Why It Matters: This posture can impact balance and lung capacity. At One Body LDN, we offer strengthening routines and postural retraining; NHS resources note that targeted exercises can slow progression and ease pain.

A neurological disorder causing difficulty in writing or spelling, often due to brain damage affecting language and motor skills.

Physiotherapy methods aimed at removing mucus from the respiratory tract in conditions like COPD, aiding in lung function
improvement.

A neurological disorder impairing the ability to read, often addressed in physiotherapy through cognitive and visual processing exercises.

Definition (Simple):
How your body’s parts (e.g., spine, limbs) are positioned or arranged in relation to each other.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary:

  • Proper alignment reduces unnecessary strain on muscles and joints.
  • Misalignment (e.g., poor posture) can lead to pain or overuse injuries.
  • Our physiotherapists often correct alignment issues with targeted exercises and manual therapy.

Definition: A progressive neurological disease affecting nerve cells responsible for controlling muscles, leading to weakness and mobility challenges.
Why It Matters: While no cure exists, NHS guidelines stress maintaining mobility and independence as long as possible. At One Body LDN, our physiotherapists focus on gentle range-of-motion exercises and adaptive strategies to improve quality of life.

Definition: Pinching or pain in the ankle joint due to soft tissue or bone getting caught during movement, often from repetitive activities or previous injury.
Why It Matters: Left untreated, it can reduce ankle mobility and lead to chronic pain. According to CSP, conservative management includes manual therapy and exercise. At One Body LDN, we tailor rehabilitation to restore proper joint mechanics.

Definition: Wear-and-tear damage to the ankle joint’s cartilage, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling over time.
Why It Matters: Osteoarthritis can limit daily activities. NHS guidance recommends exercise, weight management, and manual therapy. At One Body LDN, we combine these with individualized mobility drills to enhance function and slow progression.

Definition: Damage to the cartilage and underlying bone in the ankle, often from trauma or repetitive stress.
Why It Matters: If not addressed, these lesions can lead to chronic pain and joint instability. CSP resources highlight physiotherapy’s role in graded loading and balance work. At One Body LDN, we create tailored exercise programs to promote tissue healing.

Definition: A stretch or tear of the ligaments in the ankle, commonly occurring with twisting injuries.
Why It Matters: Improper rehab can result in persistent instability. NHS guidelines recommend rest, bracing, and exercise therapy. At One Body LDN, we use progressive loading, balance training, and manual techniques to ensure a full, stable recovery.

Definition: A range of joint diseases (e.g., arthritis, inflammatory conditions) affecting the ankle or foot, causing pain and stiffness.
Why It Matters: Can limit mobility and foot function. According to CSP, physiotherapy can reduce symptoms and improve gait. At One Body LDN, we emphasize strength-building, range-of-motion exercises, and orthotic advice as needed.

Definition: Broken bones in the ankle or foot, typically resulting from falls, sports, or direct trauma.
Why It Matters: Prompt, structured rehabilitation aids recovery and prevents long-term issues. NHS guidance recommends physiotherapy after immobilization. At One Body LDN, we guide patients through gradual weight-bearing and strength exercises.

Definition: A chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to stiffness and potential fusion of the vertebrae.
Why It Matters: Early physiotherapy can maintain spinal mobility and ease pain. NHS guidelines emphasise exercise and posture work. At One Body LDN, we incorporate tailored stretching, hydrotherapy, and posture correction for long-term relief.

Definition: A condition where the front of the ankle joint becomes pinched by bone or soft tissue, often from repetitive dorsiflexion (toes-up movement).
Why It Matters: Pain and restricted motion can hamper daily activities. CSP recommendations often include exercise therapy and manual techniques. At One Body LDN, we address biomechanical factors, using mobilizations and strength work to alleviate symptoms.

Definition: A tear or sprain of the ACL, a key ligament in the knee that stabilizes the joint, often injured in sports.
Why It Matters: Can lead to knee instability and long-term damage if not rehabilitated properly. NHS guidelines suggest a combo of strengthening and stability exercises. At One Body LDN, we deliver structured ACL rehab programs to restore function and confidence.

Definition: A degenerative change in the ACL where it becomes swollen and less elastic, causing pain or limited knee extension.
Why It Matters: Though not a complete tear, it can weaken the ligament and mimic other knee injuries. CSP resources recommend targeted exercises and possible imaging. At One Body LDN, our therapists tailor a program to reduce symptoms and preserve knee stability.

Definition: A rare neuropathy affecting a branch of the median nerve in the forearm, leading to weakness in specific thumb and index finger movements.
Why It Matters: Can hinder fine motor tasks. According to NHS neurologic guidance, conservative treatment includes nerve gliding exercises. At One Body LDN, we focus on restoring hand function and reducing nerve irritation through specialized manual therapy.

Definition: A tendency for the upper arm bone (humerus) to slip out of the front of the shoulder socket, often after a dislocation.
Why It Matters: Instability can lead to recurrent shoulder dislocations and damage. CSP guidelines stress tailored strengthening of the rotator cuff and scapular muscles. At One Body LDN, we employ progressive exercises and stability drills for safe return to activities.

Definition: A hand deformity characterized by the inability to oppose the thumb, usually caused by median nerve dysfunction.
Why It Matters: Affects grip and dexterity, impacting daily tasks. Medical literature suggests splinting, exercises, and potential surgical intervention. At One Body LDN, we provide hand therapy sessions aimed at improving thumb movement and overall hand function.

A communication disorder affecting speaking, understanding, reading, and writing, often treated with speech and language therapy.

A disorder impacting the ability to perform purposeful movements, despite having the necessary motor function and comprehension.

Discomfort in the foot’s arch area, potentially caused by overuse, injury, or structural issues, treated with strengthening exercises and supportive footwear.

Definition: Inflammation of joints, commonly presenting as pain, stiffness, and swelling in areas like knees, hips, hands, or spine.
Why It Matters: A leading cause of mobility issues worldwide. NHS guidelines highlight exercise, weight management, and physiotherapy. At One Body LDN, we create individualized plans with gentle movement, manual therapy, and strengthening to reduce pain.

Definition: Damage to the smooth cartilage covering the ends of knee bones, leading to pain, swelling, and limited motion.
Why It Matters: Untreated lesions may lead to early osteoarthritis. CSP resources advocate structured rehab to improve joint function. At One Body LDN, we utilize targeted strengthening, low-impact exercise, and, if needed, post-surgical rehabilitation.

Definition: Degenerative changes in the top two vertebrae of the neck (atlas and axis), potentially causing neck pain and limited rotation.
Why It Matters: Can lead to instability or neurological symptoms if severe. According to NHS spinal guidelines, physiotherapy focuses on gentle mobilization and posture correction. At One Body LDN, we carefully tailor techniques to reduce pain and support normal neck mobility.

Definition: A less common form of clubfoot where the foot’s structure is twisted or angled abnormally, often diagnosed at birth.
Why It Matters: Early intervention can improve foot alignment and function, avoiding long-term complications. NHS recommends prompt physiotherapy and splinting. At One Body LDN, we provide gentle manipulation, bracing advice, and parental guidance for home exercises.

The evaluation of a patient’s physical capabilities and limitations in physiotherapy to develop a personalized treatment plan.

The inability to identify objects by touch, even with an intact sense of touch.

A chronic respiratory condition causing airway inflammation and narrowing, treated with breathing exercises and airway clearance techniques.

A condition characterized by uncoordinated movements and balance issues, treated with exercises to improve balance and coordination.

A movement disorder involving slow, involuntary movements, often treated with strength and flexibility exercises.

Muscle tissue loss due to disuse, injury, or disease, addressed with exercises promoting muscle growth.

The body’s front part between the chest and pelvis. Abduct: To move a body part away from the midline.

A term formerly used to describe chronic pain around the Achilles tendon, now more accurately referred to as Achilles tendinopathy.

An emergency device aiding in lung ventilation.

A self-inflating bag used for manual respiration support.

A minimally invasive surgical technique allowing direct examination of the ankle joint using a small camera.

A crucial ligament within the knee joint, providing stability and controlling the shin’s movement relative to the thigh.

A ligament on the ankle’s outer side, often injured in inversion sprains.

Immune system molecules that interact with specific antigens to fight foreign substances in the body.

Substances like toxins or foreign particles that can trigger an immune response.

Compounds believed to protect cells from damage by free radicals, found in various foods including fruits, vegetables, and meats.

Diagnostic imaging of a joint using a contrast medium.

A minimally invasive surgical technique allowing direct examination of internal body areas using a small camera.

The process of withdrawing fluids from the body using a syringe and needle.

Definition: The death of bone tissue due to loss of blood supply, which can occur in various joints (hips, knees, etc.).
Why It Matters: Progression can collapse the joint surface and cause severe pain. CSP guidelines suggest physiotherapy to preserve joint range and reduce stress. At One Body LDN, we recommend low-impact exercises, assistive devices if needed, and strength programs.

Definition: A specific type of osteonecrosis affecting the head of the thigh bone (femur), potentially compromising hip function.
Why It Matters: Advanced cases may require surgery or joint replacement. According to NHS guidelines, physiotherapy can optimize hip movement and lessen progression. At One Body LDN, we tailor exercises that balance load management with muscle strengthening.

Definition: Osteonecrosis located in the talus bone (ankle), affecting foot-ankle mechanics and leading to pain and instability.
Why It Matters: Can severely limit weight-bearing if untreated. CSP resources recommend activity modification and supportive rehab. At One Body LDN, we focus on careful weight-bearing progressions and stability exercises to protect the joint.

Definition: Occur when a ligament or tendon pulls off a small piece of bone in the ankle, typically due to sudden force or twist.
Why It Matters: Though sometimes overlooked, these fractures can lead to chronic instability if not managed properly. NHS guidance supports physiotherapy post-immobilization. At One Body LDN, we use progressive strengthening, proprioception drills, and functional training to ensure safe return to activity.

B

Definition (Simple)
A condition affecting the muscles, ligaments, or spine in teenagers. It can stem from poor posture, rapid growth spurts, sports injuries, or carrying heavy schoolbags.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Early physiotherapy intervention helps prevent minor issues from becoming chronic.
  • According to the NHS, maintaining an active lifestyle and good posture is key for teens.
  • At One Body LDN, we evaluate posture, offer individualised exercise programs, and provide ergonomic advice for backpacks and study habits.

Definition (Simple)
Injury to the biceps tendon can range from minor inflammation (tendinopathy) to a complete tear (rupture). Commonly occurs near the shoulder or elbow.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Tendinopathy often presents as tenderness in the front of the shoulder; rupture can lead to a “Popeye” deformity.
  • According to CSP recommendations, early rehab with eccentric exercises can aid tendinopathy recovery.
  • A full or partial tear may require surgery, followed by physiotherapy for strength and range of motion.

A therapeutic approach aimed at relieving bodily pressure and restoring the natural alignment of joints and muscles.

Definition (Simple)
Using proper posture and movement patterns to reduce strain on muscles and joints, particularly when lifting or performing daily tasks.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Poor body mechanics can lead to chronic pain or overuse injuries.
  • At One Body LDN, we coach patients on safe lifting techniques (e.g., bending knees, keeping load close).
  • NHS advises maintaining neutral spine alignment during repeated lifting to avoid lower back strain.

A fitness tool comprising an inflated rubber hemisphere affixed to a rigid platform, utilized for various exercises to enhance balance, strength, and coordination.

Definition (Simple)
The ability to keep the body’s center of mass over its base of support, preventing falls or instability.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Good balance reduces injury risk in daily activities and sports.
  • Balance training (e.g., single-leg stands, wobble board exercises) is often part of rehab at One Body LDN to restore proprioception after ankle or knee injuries.
  • Helps older adults maintain independence and reduce fall risk.

Definition (Simple)
The study of how the body moves and functions mechanically, involving muscles, bones, and joints in motion.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Understanding biomechanics helps identify faulty movement patterns leading to injury.
  • Evidence from sports medicine journals shows biomechanical assessments improve injury prevention in athletes.
  • Our physiotherapists apply biomechanical analysis for personalized exercise prescriptions.

Definition (Simple)
Using supportive devices (braces, splints, or belts) to stabilize or protect joints or muscles during recovery or activity.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Often used post-injury (e.g., knee braces for ligament tears) or post-surgery.
  • May help offload painful areas, allowing tissues to heal.
  • Physio-led guidelines ensure proper fit and usage duration to avoid dependence or muscle weakening.

The practice of using proper posture and movement patterns to perform physical tasks efficiently, minimizing bodily strain.

An extensive study of bodily functions, exploring the mechanics of muscles, bones, and the nervous system and how they synergize in activities like walking or sitting.

The skill of maintaining the center of gravity within the support base, crucial in physiotherapy for enhancing mobility, reducing fall risks, and improving life quality. Treatments may include strength and coordination exercises, as well as environmental adjustments.

A physiotherapy technique utilizing electronic devices to monitor and relay information about physiological functions such as muscle tension and heart rate, aiding patients in learning to control these functions for better physical health.

The hard, dense tissue forming the body’s skeletal structure. In physiotherapy, bones are evaluated and treated concerning their
movement support role, including injury prevention and rehabilitation.

The organ in vertebrates’ heads responsible for coordinating bodily functions and processing sensory information.

A small, fluid-filled sac situated between a bone and a tendon or muscle, serving to minimize friction and cushion movement.

An inflammatory condition affecting the bursae near joints, leading to pain, swelling, and limited motion. Physiotherapy for bursitis might include ice or heat therapy, manual techniques, exercise, and education on joint mechanics.

Pertaining to the mechanical aspects of biological tissues and body structures.

A fluid-filled sac providing a cushion in areas where friction might occur between tissues.

The inflammation of a bursa, often resulting from repetitive use or overuse.

C

Definition (Simple)
Refers to a long-term or persistent condition or pain, typically lasting more than 12 weeks.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Chronic issues often need a multidimensional approach: physiotherapy, lifestyle changes, and possibly cognitive therapy.
  • Early intervention can prevent acute problems from becoming chronic.
  • According to CSP, consistent, moderate exercise can help manage chronic musculoskeletal pain.

The capacity of the torso muscles to support and control the spine and pelvis, forming a stable foundation for body movement.

The application of cold treatments, such as ice packs or ice baths, to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.

The efficiency of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels in delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body during physical activity.

Definition (Simple)
A firm yet flexible connective tissue found at joint surfaces (e.g., knees, hips), allowing smooth movement and shock absorption.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Damage or wear (as in osteoarthritis) can cause pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
  • NHS highlights weight management, muscle strengthening, and low-impact exercise for cartilage preservation.
  • Cartilage injuries sometimes require surgical interventions like microfracture or cartilage grafting.

Definition (Simple)
Long-lasting pain (over 3 months) in bones, muscles, ligaments, or tendons. Commonly involves the back, neck, or joints.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Often requires a multifaceted approach: manual therapy, exercise, cognitive strategies.
  • CSP acknowledges that consistent, low-intensity physical activity can significantly improve outcomes.
  • At One Body LDN, we design individualized rehab plans to address both physical and psychosocial factors.

Definition (Simple)
A permanent shortening or tightening of muscles, tendons, or ligaments, restricting joint movement and flexibility.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Can result from prolonged immobilization, neurological disorders, or severe burns.
  • Therapy includes stretching, splinting, or casting to maintain range of motion.
  • Early intervention is crucial to prevent irreversible stiffness.

Definition (Simple)
A crackling or grinding sensation or sound in a joint when it moves (e.g., knee crackles during squats).

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • May indicate cartilage wear, inflammation, or arthritis.
  • Not always painful, but persistent crepitus plus pain should be investigated.
  • CSP guidelines suggest strengthening exercises to support the joint and potentially reduce noise.

A type of connective tissue softer than bone, found in various body areas, providing cushioning and support at joints, such as around the knee.

Describes long-term, persistent conditions or pains that are continuous, like chronic back pain or arthritis.

Definition (Simple)
Also known as biopsychosocial support, focusing on mindset, beliefs, and lifestyle to address pain or health issues (beyond hands-on treatment).

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Involves education and strategies for stress management, fear avoidance, or negative thought patterns about pain.
  • Studies show cognitive-behavioral approaches can reduce chronic pain intensity and improve function.
  • At One Body LDN, we combine manual therapy with lifestyle coaching for holistic care.

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels, with cardiovascular exercises in physiotherapy aiming to improve heart health and
overall fitness.

Specialized tissue providing joint cushioning, with physiotherapy focusing on maintaining or improving its health in conditions like osteoarthritis.

The mental processes of acquiring, processing, and utilizing information, important in physiotherapy for understanding and following rehabilitation instructions.

The application of pressure to body areas to improve circulation, reduce swelling, and relieve pain, often used in various
treatment plans.

A general term for diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth forming tumors in body tissues.

A group of foods providing the body with its primary energy source, absorbed from sugars and starches and stored as glycogen.
Cardiac: Relating to the heart and its functions.

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels system.

Definition (Simple)
How efficiently your heart and lungs supply oxygen and nutrients to muscles during physical activity, reflecting overall cardiovascular health.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • High cardiorespiratory fitness correlates with lower injury risk and faster recovery.
  • NHS recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise weekly for adults.
  • We incorporate cardiovascular elements in physiotherapy programs to optimize healing and endurance.

Definition (Simple)
A condition where the median nerve is compressed at the wrist, causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Common in repetitive hand movements or prolonged keyboard use.
  • Symptoms often worsen at night. Splinting, nerve glides, and ergonomic modifications can help.
  • Severe or persistent cases might require surgical decompression.

The neck region of the spine.

Skin irritation caused by friction from clothing or skin-to-skin contact.

A qualified member of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, indicated by the initials MCSP.

Definition (Simple)
Softening or irritation of the cartilage under the kneecap (patella), causing anterior knee pain—often worsened by stairs or squatting.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Can affect runners, teens, and office workers who sit long periods.
  • NHS recommends exercises to strengthen quads and correct knee alignment.
  • Taping or bracing techniques can help reduce pain during activity.

Referring to a long-lasting condition.

A protein-based tissue forming the human body’s connective tissue, a major component of skin, tendons, bones, ligaments, and cartilage.

Ligaments located at the sides of a joint.

A specific type of wrist fracture characterized by a displacement that creates a noticeable deformity.

Definition (Simple)
Excessive pressure within muscle compartments (usually in the legs or forearms), compromising blood flow and nerve function.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Can be acute (often after trauma) or chronic (from repetitive exercise).
  • Symptoms include severe pain, swelling, numbness, or weak pulses.
  • Acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency (fasciotomy) to prevent permanent damage.

Definition (Simple)
A chronic pain condition typically arising after injury or surgery, characterized by intense, prolonged pain, often with swelling or changes in skin color/temperature.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Early intervention with physiotherapy can reduce disability and pain intensity.
  • Research indicates graded motor imagery and desensitization techniques may help.
  • A multidisciplinary approach (physiotherapy + pain management) is often necessary.

A muscle action where fibers shorten during contraction.

A condition present from birth.

Abnormal muscle tissue shortening.

A medical term for a bruise.

The ability to engage specific stabilizing muscles, enhancing support to the pelvis, spine, and trunk, and potentially relieving and
preventing pain.

The capacity to maintain stability in one part of the body while performing static or dynamic movements with another, crucial in activities requiring physical control and balance.

A naturally occurring steroid that reduces inflammation, with synthetic versions used in treating inflammatory conditions.

Definition (Simple)
Using cold packs, ice baths, or cooling devices to reduce pain, inflammation, and swelling.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Commonly applied after acute injuries (e.g., sprains, bruises).
  • Evidence-based guidelines recommend sessions of 10–15 minutes, several times a day initially.
  • Overuse or prolonged application may risk ice burns or hinder healing if misapplied.

Definition (Simple)
Irritation or compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow (the “funny bone”), causing numbness, tingling in the ring and little fingers, and hand weakness.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Can be aggravated by leaning on elbows, frequent bending, or sleeping with flexed elbows.
  • Splinting, nerve glides, and ergonomic advice can relieve symptoms.
  • Severe cases might need surgical decompression to prevent muscle atrophy.

A diagnostic imaging technique providing detailed cross-sectional images of the body’s internal structures.

A closed sac filled with fluid.

D

A type of bruise or contusion resulting from a direct impact, where a muscle is crushed against the bone beneath it.

A technique targeting deeper muscle and connective tissue layers, used to alleviate conditions like back pain and headaches. It involves firm, steady pressure and slow strokes to relax muscles and restore movement.

A condition characterized by a significant separation between the left and right sides of the rectus abdominis muscle, causing the belly to protrude.

A massage method focusing on the deeper muscle and connective tissue layers to alleviate chronic tension and promote relaxation.

A technique involving the insertion of fine needles into muscle trigger points to relieve tension and pain.

Definition (Simple)
Natural deterioration or “wear and tear” in muscles, joints, or other tissues over time or due to repetitive stress.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Commonly associated with osteoarthritis or degenerative disc disease.
  • Slowing down degeneration involves weight control, regular exercise, and proper biomechanics.
  • NHS acknowledges that mild-to-moderate degenerative changes need not cause severe pain if managed well.

The bulging or rupture of an intervertebral disc, leading to nerve compression and resulting in pain and other symptoms.

Definition (Simple)
A sensation of feeling faint, unstable, or like your surroundings are spinning (can overlap with vertigo).

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • May stem from inner ear issues, neck problems, or vestibular dysfunction.
  • Physiotherapy can include vestibular rehab exercises to improve balance.
  • If persistent, a full medical evaluation is essential to rule out other causes.

The natural decline or deterioration of a muscle, joint, or body part, often associated with aging.

Definition (Simple)
Spinal discs are cushions between the vertebrae that absorb shock and allow flexible movement of the spine.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Herniated or “slipped” discs can press on nerves, causing pain or numbness.
  • Disc hydration and health benefit from regular movement and good posture.
  • HCPC guidelines recommend physiotherapy, core strengthening, and ergonomic adaptation for disc-related issues.

The removal of dead or damaged tissue from a wound to promote healing and prevent infection, using various techniques like sharp, enzymatic, or mechanical debridement.

A functional impairment or limitation in physical abilities, such as strength or balance, impacting daily activities. Physiotherapy
aims to improve these deficits.

The identification and classification of a patient’s condition based on symptoms, history, and physical examination to create a
tailored treatment plan.

A physical or mental impairment affecting an individual’s ability to perform daily activities. Physiotherapy interventions focus on improving mobility and function.

The process of concluding physiotherapy care when a patient has reached their goals and no longer requires treatment.

A sensation of mild to moderate pain or unease during physiotherapy, which can be physical or emotional in nature.

Definition (Simple)
Inflammation of the tendons on the thumb side of the wrist, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty gripping.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Often triggered by repetitive wrist or hand motions (e.g., texting, lifting children).
  • Splinting, gentle stretching, and possibly corticosteroid injections help reduce swelling.
  • Early intervention helps avoid chronic irritation.

An injury where bones in a joint are displaced, causing instability and pain. Physiotherapy involves reducing pain and restoring joint stability.

Muscles that work together to stabilize and control movement, maintaining joint alignment and preventing instability

A motor speech disorder causing difficulty with speech due to muscle weakness or incoordination.

Difficulty swallowing due to impaired function of muscles and nerves involved in the swallowing process.

Difficulty or discomfort in breathing, characterized by shortness of breath or a feeling of suffocation.

The act of removing foreign and loose bodies from a joint or wound.

An emergency device that restores normal heart rhythm using an electric shock.

Definition (Simple)
A gradual wearing down of the spinal discs, leading to stiffness, pain, or possible nerve compression.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Common in the cervical or lumbar regions as part of aging.
  • NHS suggests weight-bearing exercise, core strengthening, and posture correction to manage symptoms.
  • Physiotherapy aims to stabilize the spine, improving function and reducing pain flares.

Arthritis of a joint, often following trauma or repetitive use, marked by the gradual degeneration of joint cartilage.

A condition resulting from a net loss of body fluid, where fluid intake does not match fluid loss.

A condition where the healing of a fracture takes longer than usual.

A medical specialist in skin conditions and treatments.

A group of conditions where insulin dysfunction from the pancreas leads to changes in blood sugar levels, with obesity being a major contributing factor.

The shaft or main portion of a long bone.

The process of expanding or stretching a tubular structure.

Circular fibrocartilage plates between the spine’s vertebrae.

A process in the body characterized by specific signs and symptoms, indicating a departure from normal function.

Definition (Simple)
A postoperative rehabilitation program following surgical removal (partial or complete) of a damaged intervertebral disc.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Surgery aims to relieve nerve pressure (e.g., sciatica).
  • Post-surgery physiotherapy typically involves gradual reintroduction of movement, core exercises, and posture training.
  • The success rate for microdiscectomy is high if followed by a structured rehab approach.

The displacement of a bone from its joint, often caused by trauma and accompanied by ligament, capsule, and soft tissue damage.

Definition (Simple)
Fractures near the wrist end of the radius (forearm bone), often resulting from falls on an outstretched hand.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Colles’ fracture tilts the wrist up; Smith’s tilts it down.
  • After casting or surgical fixation, physiotherapy restores wrist mobility, grip strength, and forearm rotation.
  • CSP guidelines emphasize early mobilization (when safe) to prevent stiffness.

A substance that promotes increased urine production.

Definition (Simple)
Inserting fine, solid filiform needles into tight muscle bands (trigger points) to relieve tension and reduce pain.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Differs from acupuncture by focusing on musculoskeletal trigger points rather than traditional meridians.
  • Research indicates it can quickly decrease local muscle spasm and pain, complementing other physiotherapy modalities.
  • Practitioners at One Body LDN use sterile, single-use needles under strict hygiene standards.

Definition (Simple)
A thickening and shortening of connective tissue in the palm, causing fingers (usually the ring and little) to curl towards the palm.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Might restrict hand function, making everyday tasks difficult.
  • Mild cases may benefit from stretching and splinting; advanced cases might need injections or surgery.
  • Early physiotherapy can slow progression and maintain hand mobility.

The abnormal or impaired functioning of a tissue or organ.

E

Customized exercises and physical activities recommended by a physiotherapist or osteopath to address specific health conditions, aid recovery, and enhance overall functionality.

Definition (Simple)
A treatment method using low-level electrical currents to reduce pain, stimulate muscle contraction, or enhance tissue healing.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Beneficial for acute injuries (e.g., swelling) or chronic conditions (e.g., muscle weakness).
  • According to CSP, electrotherapy can be a valuable adjunct to exercise and manual therapy, but should be tailored to individual needs.
  • Common modalities include TENS (for pain relief) and NMES (for muscle stimulation).

Definition (Simple)
The science of arranging workplaces, tools, and tasks to fit the user, minimizing strain on muscles, joints, and posture.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Poor ergonomics can lead to overuse injuries, back pain, or repetitive strain.
  • Office setups (desk height, chair support) and task modifications can drastically reduce workplace injuries.
  • NHS guidance recommends frequent micro-breaks and proper desk alignment to prevent neck and shoulder strain.

The application of specific exercises and physical activities to restore function, strength, and mobility after an injury, surgery, or illness.

A condition marked by excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues, causing swelling and inflammation. Physiotherapy treatments include manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, and exercises to improve circulation.

A synovial hinge joint formed by the humerus, radius, and ulna bones, enabling arm flexion and extension. Commonly treated in physiotherapy for conditions like tennis elbow and golfer’s elbow.

A treatment period for a specific condition or injury, encompassing assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome evaluation,
defined by patient-centered goals and objectives.

Redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow to an area, often due to injury, inflammation, or infection, and used as a diagnostic indicator in physiotherapy

The study of the causes and origins of diseases, including contributing factors, crucial for developing effective treatment plans in physiotherapy.

The assessment of a patient’s physical capabilities and limitations to create a personalized treatment plan, involving medical history review, physical examinations, and functional tests.

A comprehensive assessment of a patient’s physical and functional status, including medical history, symptoms, and various physical tests, to identify impairments and develop a treatment plan.

A therapeutic activity or movement prescribed to improve or maintain physical functions like strength, flexibility, and balance,
tailored to the patient’s needs and goals.

The leakage of fluid and cellular material from blood vessels into surrounding tissues, often a result of inflammation or injury, indicating tissue damage in physiotherapy.

A muscle contraction where muscle fibers are elongating while generating force.

A bruise characterized by purple or red discoloration on the skin, caused by trauma.

An ultrasound-based diagnostic tool used to visualize the heart’s structure and function.

The swelling of a joint due to fluid accumulation.

A diagnostic tool that traces the heart’s electrical activity, recording its rhythms and patterns.

A test evaluating nerve function in specific muscles.

The use of electricity in the treatment of various medical conditions.

A bony prominence, often serving as an attachment point for muscles, tendons, or ligaments.

Inflammation of the soft tissue and bone at an epicondyle, with lateral epicondylitis commonly known as tennis elbow.

The end part of a long bone, responsible for bone growth and made of cartilage that ossifies in adulthood.

A topical anesthetic applied to the skin, but not on open wounds.

The study of disease causes.

The outward turning of a body part.

An ankle sprain where the foot turns outward, causing damage to the inner side of the ankle.

A movement that straightens or extends a body part.

A muscle that facilitates extension movement.

Tendons on the forearm’s back, continuing from the muscles that extend the wrist joint.

A device using electromagnetic or ultrasonic waves to stimulate bone growth and healing, typically worn during sleep.

An anatomical movement where a body part rolls outward, away from the body’s midline.

Electrotherapy (Electrical Stimulation for Pain Relief/Tissue Healing)

Definition (Simple)
A treatment method using low-level electrical currents to reduce pain, stimulate muscle contraction, or enhance tissue healing.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Beneficial for acute injuries (e.g., swelling) or chronic conditions (e.g., muscle weakness).
  • According to CSP, electrotherapy can be a valuable adjunct to exercise and manual therapy, but should be tailored to individual needs.
  • Common modalities include TENS (for pain relief) and NMES (for muscle stimulation).

Referring to a factor or cause of injury originating outside the body.

F

Definition (Simple)
Irritation or inflammation of the facet joints—small stabilizing joints between vertebrae—causing localized spinal pain and stiffness.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Can result from repetitive bending, twisting, or age-related “wear and tear.”
  • HCPC guidelines often include manual therapy, posture correction, and gentle exercises to relieve pain.
  • Early intervention helps maintain spinal mobility and prevent chronic discomfort.

The inability to control bowel movements, leading to involuntary passage of feces.

Exercise equipment like barbells or dumbbells, used without any attached structure, allowing for a full range of motion during training.

Definition (Simple)
A web-like layer of connective tissue enveloping muscles and organs, aiding in support and movement.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Tight or restricted fascia can contribute to muscle pain or reduced flexibility.
  • Techniques like myofascial release (manual therapy) can restore tissue glide and ease discomfort.
  • Research shows targeted fascial work can improve range of motion in conditions like plantar fasciitis.

A commonly used term to describe a sudden increase in pain or the recurrence of a previous condition, though not a clinical term.

Connective tissue surrounding muscles, bones, and organs, crucial for proper movement and force transmission. Targeted in physiotherapy through manual therapy to improve mobility and alleviate pain.

Definition (Simple)
A chronic condition marked by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and specific tender points.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Often accompanied by poor sleep, mood issues, and stiffness.
  • NHS advises gentle exercise, stress management, and physiotherapy.
  • At One Body LDN, we combine low-impact exercises, relaxation techniques, and pain education to help patients cope.

A movement that reduces the angle between two body parts at a joint, such as knee bends or shoulder shrugs, used in physiotherapy to enhance joint mobility and reduce pain.

A restriction in performing physical activities due to impairments or disabilities, addressed in physiotherapy through specific interventions to improve function and quality of life.

A surgical procedure involving the cutting of the fascia to relieve pressure.

The thigh bone, which is the largest bone in the human body.

Specialized cells forming scar tissue by laying down collagen, particularly following inflammation.

A tough type of cartilage composed of dense collagen, functioning as a shock absorber in joints, found in structures like the knee meniscus and the hip and shoulder labrum.

The smaller bone located alongside the shinbone in the lower leg.

The ability to execute precise, coordinated movements using smaller muscle groups, such as hand movements for picking up objects or unscrewing lids.

Definition (Simple)
A rapid escalation in pain or the recurrence of a previously managed issue, often triggered by overuse or stress.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Common in chronic conditions (e.g., arthritis, back pain).
  • Strategies include rest, pain management, and identifying triggers to prevent future flare-ups.
  • CSP encourages having a personalized “flare-up plan” with modified exercises and self-care.

A condition where the inner border of the foot is lower to the ground than usual, affecting the foot’s arch.

The action of bending a joint.

A muscle responsible for bending a joint.

A diagnostic technique using X-rays and a fluorescent screen to visualize movement within body joints in real time.

A break or crack in a bone.

Unstable atoms within cells that are implicated in cellular damage and potentially in the development of cancer.

Definition (Simple)
A condition causing stiffness, pain, and restricted range of motion in the shoulder’s joint capsule.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Develops gradually in three stages (freezing, frozen, thawing) and can last 1–3 years if untreated.
  • Physiotherapy focuses on joint mobilizations and specific stretching.
  • NHS indicates that early intervention can shorten recovery time significantly.

Definition (Simple)
Ability to perform everyday actions (like bending, lifting, squatting) with optimal muscle coordination and joint alignment.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Improves efficiency of movement and reduces injury risk.
  • Functional movement screening helps identify faulty patterns.
  • Corrective exercises (e.g., lunges, squats) at One Body LDN aim to build resilience for daily life.

Definition (Simple)
A rehab process emphasizing real-world activities and movements—beyond just pain relief—to help patients return to normal function.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Involves replicating everyday tasks or sport-specific drills.
  • Addresses strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination in one integrated approach.
  • HCPC guidelines support function-focused rehab to speed return to daily or athletic activities.

G

Definition (Simple)
Refers to how a person walks or runs, including stride length, foot strike, and arm swing.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Abnormal gait can stress joints and muscles, leading to pain or future injury.
  • Gait analysis helps identify underlying issues like foot pronation or weak glutes.
  • NHS advises gait retraining to manage conditions like plantar fasciitis or knee osteoarthritis.

Definition (Simple)
Specialised physiotherapy aimed at improving strength, balance, and mobility in older patients, addressing age-related changes.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Reduces fall risk, enhances independence, and manages chronic ailments (e.g., arthritis).
  • Exercises often focus on functional tasks like stair climbing or sit-to-stand.
  • Government data suggests that consistent geriatric rehab can lower hospitalization rates in older populations.

A condition characterized by strain at the leg and torso junction, commonly caused by activities involving twisting and kicking motions.

A specialized field of physiotherapy focusing on women’s health, particularly addressing conditions related to the female reproductive system.

Definition (Simple)
Inflammation or microtears in the tendons on the inside of the elbow, causing pain and tenderness.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Caused by repetitive wrist flexion or gripping (e.g., golf swings).
  • Treatment includes rest, gradual strengthening, and occasionally bracing.
  • A structured exercise program can speed recovery and prevent recurrence.

A tool used in physiotherapy to measure a joint’s range of motion, aiding in objective evaluation and tracking rehabilitation progress.

Refers to exercises or movements influenced by gravity, such as standing or lying exercises, used to enhance or challenge treatment effectiveness.

A chemical element used as a contrast agent in MRI scans to enhance image quality.

Pertaining to the shoulder joint.

Part of the shoulder blade forming the socket in the shoulder’s ball-andsocket joint.

Definition (Simple)
Pain around the outer hip, often from overuse or inflammation in the gluteal tendons or trochanteric bursa.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Can mimic hip arthritis or IT band issues.
  • NHS guidelines: Eccentric exercises, activity modification, and sometimes shockwave therapy.
  • Early rehab at One Body LDN emphasizes hip abductor strengthening to stabilize the pelvis.

A form of carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscles, serving as an energy reserve.

Medial epicondylitis characterized by pain in the elbow’s inner side, affecting not just golfers but also those engaged in workrelated activities.

Fibrous tissue forming from a blood clot during the inflammatory process, which eventually becomes scar tissue.

Definition (Simple)
A manual therapy method using specialized instruments to detect and treat scar tissue or adhesions in muscles and tendons.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Similar to other IASTM approaches but employs trademarked Graston tools.
  • Studies suggest it may improve range of motion and reduce pain faster than massage alone.
  • Often combined with stretching and strengthening in a holistic treatment plan.

Definition (Simple)
Injury or overstretching of the inner thigh muscles (adductors), causing pain and difficulty with side-to-side movements.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Common in sports like football, hockey, or tennis.
  • CSP recommends rest, gentle adductor exercises, and progressive loading for safe return to sport.
  • Untreated strains can lead to chronic groin pain or instability.

The ability to perform coordinated movements using large muscle groups for actions like running and jumping, distinct from fine motor skills involving smaller muscles for detailed actions.

H

Definition (Simple)
A bony bump forming at the base of the big toe, causing the toe to deviate inward.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • May lead to pain, rubbing on shoes, and walking difficulties.
  • Orthotics, footwear modifications, and toe exercises can alleviate symptoms.
  • In severe cases, surgical correction plus rehab helps realign the toe.

Definition (Simple)
A tear or overstretch in the hamstring muscles at the back of the thigh, often from sprinting or sudden acceleration.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • One of the most common sports injuries.
  • NHS guidelines stress gradual return to running, focusing on eccentric hamstring strengthening to prevent re-injury.
  • Early intervention prevents scar tissue formation and chronic tightness.

An injury where the tendons at the back of the thigh, connecting the large thigh muscle to the bone, are overstretched or torn.

A physical or functional limitation affecting an individual’s ability to perform daily activities or engage in desired activities, often
due to a health condition or injury.

Pain or discomfort in the head or neck region, which can be caused by muscle tension, poor posture, neck or spine dysfunction,
or nerve irritation, treated with manual therapy, exercise, and relaxation techniques.

The overall physical, mental, and social well-being of an individual, including their ability to perform daily activities and participate in society.

Adverse effects arising from heat therapy, such as burns, skin irritation, or exacerbation of medical conditions like
hypertension.

Discomfort in the heel area, potentially caused by conditions like plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, or stress fractures, treated with physiotherapy interventions like manual therapy and exercises.

A visual field defect causing loss of half of the visual field in one or both eyes, typically addressed in physiotherapy with visual retraining exercises.

Maintaining adequate fluid levels in the body for optimal physiological function, important for tissue healing, inflammation
reduction, and muscle and joint function.

Excessive bending of a joint beyond its normal range, often leading to strain or injury, addressed in physiotherapy with joint stability and flexibility exercises.Excessive bending of a joint beyond its normal range, often leading to strain or injury, addressed in physiotherapy with joint stability and flexibility exercises.

An increase in cell numbers in a tissue or organ, leading to enlargement or growth, which can be beneficial for tissue repair but excessive growth may lead to pathological conditions.

An increase in muscle fiber size due to more contractile proteins, often resulting from exercise, associated with increased strength and physical performance.

Bleeding within a joint.

A localized collection of blood within tissues.

The medical term for bleeding.

Mature bone mass that forms from soft callus cartilage during bone healing.

Progressive damage to the heart and its supplying blood vessels, often related to poor diet and sedentary lifestyle.

A therapeutic warm pack used for pain relief and muscle relaxation.

Definition (Simple)
Applying warmth to an injured or painful area to boost blood flow, relax muscles, and ease discomfort.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Good for chronic stiffness or pre-exercise warm-up.
  • Common modalities: hot water bottles, heat packs, warm whirlpools.
  • Overheating can worsen inflammation in acute injuries, so timing and duration matter.

Definition (Simple)
Irritation of the fat pad beneath the heel, leading to pain when standing or walking.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Often confused with plantar fasciitis but involves the shock-absorbing tissue.
  • CSP advice includes cushion inserts, activity modification, and weight-bearing exercises for gradual adaptation.
  • Overweight individuals may experience more pressure on the heel pad.

Definition (Simple)
Bony outgrowths on the heel: Heel spurs often develop under the foot (plantar side), while Haglund’s deformity appears at the back near the Achilles insertion.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Can cause sharp pain with walking or shoe irritation.
  • Treatments: orthotics, shoe adjustments, and stretching the calf or Achilles tendon.
  • Surgery is a last resort if conservative measures fail.

The protrusion of an organ or tissue through a break in surrounding tissue.

The foot section directly under the shin bone, consisting of the heel bone (calcaneus) and talus.

Definition (Simple)
A tear in the ring of cartilage (labrum) surrounding the hip socket, often related to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Causes deep groin pain, clicking, or instability.
  • HCPC guidelines recommend physiotherapy for hip strengthening and improved mechanics.
  • Arthroscopic repair is sometimes needed, followed by structured rehab at One Body LDN.

Definition (Simple)
Wear and tear of the hip joint cartilage leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Common in older adults, but can occur earlier with past hip injuries.
  • NHS suggests weight management, low-impact exercise (e.g., swimming), and manual therapy to reduce stiffness.
  • Timely physio can slow progression and maintain function.

A contusion or bruise around the hip joint, typically resulting from direct contact in sports.

A therapeutic warm pack used for alleviating pain and muscle spasm, similar to a heat pack.

The smooth, glassy cartilage covering bone ends at joints, facilitating friction-free movement.

Definition (Simple)
Exercises performed in warm water to reduce joint stress, improve circulation, and ease pain.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Buoyancy reduces load on muscles and joints, ideal for post-surgery or arthritis.
  • Data indicates hydrotherapy can enhance range of motion and lower pain levels for chronic back or knee problems.
  • Often used alongside land-based physiotherapy for a balanced rehab approach.

Definition (Simple)
Bending a joint backward past its normal range, potentially stressing ligaments and cartilage.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Common in knee or elbow injuries (e.g., hyperextended elbow in contact sports).
  • Early rehab includes controlling swelling, regaining normal range, and strengthening.
  • Chronic hyperextension might relate to hypermobility or weak surrounding muscles.

Definition (Simple)
A condition where joints move beyond the normal range, sometimes leading to joint pain or instability.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Can increase injury risk if muscles and ligaments don’t sufficiently stabilize the joint.
  • HCPC guidelines suggest strength and proprioception exercises to reduce subluxations.
  • Education on posture, pacing activities, and supportive bracing may help.

Definition (Simple)
Limited joint motion due to tight muscles, thickened ligaments, or joint capsule stiffness.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Common in frozen shoulder, osteoarthritis, or post-cast immobilization.
  • Physiotherapy uses mobilization, stretching, and progressive exercises to restore movement.
  • Early detection can prevent contractures and long-term function loss.

Referring to sports drinks with lower concentrations of sugars and salts, allowing for rapid absorption and digestion.

Definition (Simple)
Low muscle tension causing diminished resistance to movement, often seen in neurological disorders or post-injury.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • May lead to poor posture, joint instability, or difficulty with tasks needing force.
  • At One Body LDN, we use strengthening, balance training, and sometimes neuromuscular electrical stimulation.
  • Studies show targeted rehab can enhance muscle activation and joint control over time.

I

Enhancing athletic capabilities like strength, speed, and stamina through various therapies or techniques.

A loss or abnormality in body structure or function impacting an individual’s ability to perform daily activities, often addressed in physiotherapy to improve physical function and health.

A body’s response to tissue injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, treated in physiotherapy with methods like ice, compression, and manual therapy.

The degree of force or effort applied during therapy, including exercise or manual therapy, and the level of stimulation from modalities like electrical stimulation.

The application of specific physiotherapy techniques, exercises, or modalities to address impairments, limitations, or disabilities, aiming to improve physical function and quality of life.

Exercise or movement performed at a constant speed throughout the range of motion, often using specialized equipment, used to improve strength, endurance, and joint stability.

A type of muscle contraction where tension is generated without changing muscle length, used to improve muscle strength and joint stability.

Muscle contractions where the muscle shortens against constant resistance, maintaining tension throughout the range of motion, used to improve muscle strength and endurance.

The use of ice in treating injuries, reducing metabolic activity in tissues to prevent secondary damage and alleviate pain.

Definition (Simple)
Irritation or inflammation of the IT band (a thick band of fascia on the outer thigh), causing lateral knee or hip pain.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Common in runners and cyclists due to repetitive friction near the knee.
  • NHS guidelines: foam rolling, stretching, and modifying training volume.
  • Gait analysis can detect underlying biomechanical errors exacerbating IT band stress.

Restricting movement of a body part, often through strapping or a plaster cast.

Definition (Simple)
Soft tissues (tendons, bursae) get “pinched” or compressed in the joint during movement, causing pain and restricted motion.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Shoulder impingement often involves the rotator cuff tendons; ankle impingement can be anterior or posterior.
  • Physio focuses on restoring joint space via posture or manual therapy.
  • CSP recommends early intervention to prevent chronic inflammation and tendon damage.

A surgical cut through skin and soft tissue.

The body’s response to injury, characterized by pain, swelling, heat, redness, and loss of function, initiating healing.

A hormone from the pancreas regulating carbohydrate breakdown, with deficiency leading to diabetes.

Definition (Simple)
A manual therapy technique using specialized tools (e.g., Graston) to break down scar tissue and fascial adhesions.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • May improve range of motion, reduce pain, and speed up healing.
  • Combining with exercise and stretching yields better long-term results.
  • Evidence shows potential benefits in tendon injuries (e.g., Achilles, patellar).

An anatomical movement where a body part is rolled inward toward the body’s midline.

A fibrous tissue band connecting two bones.

Relating to the marrow cavity inside a bone.

A surgical implant, typically titanium, inserted into a bone’s marrow cavity to stabilize a fracture.

A titanium screw inserted through a bone’s marrow cavity to fixate a fracture.

Turning a body part inward.

An ankle injury where the foot turns inward and the body weight shifts outward, damaging the ankle’s outer side.

Muscle contractions with consistent resistance throughout the movement range.

Definition (Simple)
Strength training where the muscle exerts force without changing length, such as holding a plank.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Useful for early rehab when joint movement causes pain.
  • Studies show isometric exercises can reduce tendon pain (e.g., patellar or Achilles).
  • Progression involves moving from isometric holds to dynamic strengthening.

Muscle contractions with constant muscle tension and shortening of muscle fibers.

A suffix indicating inflammation of a body part.

J

Definition (Simple)
Irritation of the patellar tendon connecting the kneecap to the shinbone, often due to repeated jumping or running.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Presents as localized pain near the lower pole of the patella.
  • Eccentric quadriceps exercises are evidence-based for tendon healing.
  • Early rehab is key—neglected patellar tendinopathy can become chronic, hindering athletic performance.

Definition (Simple)
A junction between two or more bones, allowing mobility and stability (e.g., knee, hip, shoulder).

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Healthy joints permit smooth movement; inflamed or damaged ones can cause pain and limited range.
  • HCPC guidelines highlight the importance of joint care through exercise, posture, and early intervention for injuries.

The preservation of the structural and functional stability of a joint, including its surrounding soft tissues, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. In physiotherapy, maintaining joint integrity involves assessing and treating the joint to enhance mobility, alleviate pain, and prevent further injury or degeneration.

The capability of a joint to move freely and smoothly through its full range of motion. In physiotherapy, improving joint mobility often involves techniques like joint mobilization, stretching, and exercise to enhance function and reduce discomfort.

Definition (Simple)
Hands-on movements applied to a joint at varying speeds or intensities to improve range of motion, reduce pain, and loosen tight structures.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Beneficial for arthritis, post-surgery stiffness, or chronic joint restrictions.
  • CSP endorses safe and controlled mobilizations as part of a broader rehab program.
  • Often paired with muscle strengthening and patient education for sustained improvements.

Definition (Simple)
A rehab approach focusing on the muscles and ligaments around a joint, improving coordination and preventing unwanted motion.

Why It Matters / Expert Commentary

  • Critical for joints prone to subluxations or dislocations (e.g., shoulder, knee).
  • Involves targeted exercises, sometimes bracing or taping for additional support.
  • NHS suggests stability drills reduce re-injury rates in sports participants.

The articulations between bones that facilitate movement and provide stability. In physiotherapy, joints are a primary focus for
treating conditions related to pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited motion, using methods like manual therapy and exercise prescription.

The anatomical point where bones connect, forming the framework for movement and support in the body.

A membranous sac enclosing synovial joints, contributing to joint stability and lubrication.

A physiotherapy technique involving passive or active movement of a joint to restore its range of motion or relieve pain. Passive
mobilization is controlled by the therapist, while active mobilization is controlled by the patient.

K

Exercises for strengthening the pelvic floor muscles, named after Dr. Arnold Kegel, the obstetrician who developed them. They are beneficial for improving bladder and bowel control, as well as sexual function.

An injury to the meniscus, the C-shaped cartilage in the knee that acts as a shock absorber. Often resulting from over-flexing or twisting the knee, it can lead to pain, tenderness, and swelling around the knee’s outer surface.

Damage to any of the four ligaments in the knee, typically causing pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, and limited knee movement.

The sense of body movement and position, including limb motion and tension. In physiotherapy, kinesthesia is important for improving proprioception, balance, coordination, and motor control, especially in patients with neurological or musculoskeletal issues.

A medical term describing an excessive forward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a hunchbacked appearance. It can arise from poor posture or pathological conditions.

L

Flexible, connective muscle tissues that connect bones together, providing stability and support to joints, such as those around the ankle.

A clinical term referring to the application of weight or force onto a specific muscle, joint, or body part.

A fibrocartilaginous structure encircling the shoulder joint socket, enhancing stability and cushioning. Labral tears are treated in physiotherapy with exercises and manual therapy to improve shoulder function.

Fibrous tissues connecting bones at joints, crucial for joint stability. Injuries like sprains are treated with muscle-strengthening
exercises, joint mobility enhancement, and pain-reducing modalities.

A sensation of dizziness or faintness, potentially caused by factors like low blood pressure or dehydration, treated in physiotherapy with balance and coordination exercises.

Difficulty in moving freely and without pain, often due to injury, illness, or chronic conditions, addressed in physiotherapy to improve motion range, strength, and functionality.

The inability of a joint or body part to move through its full range due to injury, pain, stiffness, or weakness, treated with exercises and manual therapy to restore normal joint function.

The inability to maintain a stable, upright position, caused by various factors including neurological and musculoskeletal issues, addressed with strength, flexibility, and balance training in physiotherapy.

The cartilaginous rim in ball-and-socket joints like the hip and shoulder, increasing joint congruency and stability.

A substance derived from wool, used as a skin cream for soothing rashes, dry skin, minor cuts, and other skin irritations.

An anatomical term referring to structures furthest from the body’s midline.

The ligament on the outer side of the knee, connecting the thigh bone to the fibula, aiding in knee joint stability

A general term describing damage to body tissue.

A strong fibrous tissue band connecting bones at joints, providing joint stability.

A common term for low back pain.

The five spinal bones in the lower back, situated above the sacrum.

Referring to the lumbar spine and sacrum, or the lower back area.

Fluid in the lymphatic system, primarily consisting of water, plasma proteins, and blood cells, involved in the body’s immune response.

A network of vessels, nodes, and ducts that collect lymph fluid from body tissues, playing a crucial role in the body’s defense mechanisms by filtering out bacteria and toxins.

M

Approaches used to prevent or reduce the symptoms and frequency of severe recurrent headaches known as migraines.

Relating to pain that affects the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones, often with varying causes.

A form of soft tissue treatment, typically gentle and relaxing, aimed at eliminating pain and restoring motion. This technique addresses issues like postural tension and joint misalignment.

A method that applies continuous pressure to elongate the connective tissue surrounding every cell in the body.

Treatments delivered by hand by a physiotherapist, such as softtissue massage and joint mobilization.

Tissue in the human body capable of contracting to produce movement. There are various types and groups of muscles.

The state where muscle fibers become tense or less flexible under stress, restricting movement and function, and potentially
causing pain.

The body’s ability to perform coordinated movements through muscles, nerves, and the brain. Physiotherapy for motor function involves exercises, manual therapy, and other interventions to improve movement control and coordination.

Individual cells in skeletal muscle tissue responsible for force generation and movement. Physiotherapy for muscle fibers focuses on enhancing their function, strength, endurance, and flexibility.

A condition of increased tension or stiffness in muscle fibers, leading to reduced motion range and discomfort, often addressed in physiotherapy with stretching, massage, and exercise.

The resting tension level in a muscle, influenced by muscle fiber activation by the nervous system, often assessed and treated in physiotherapy to improve movement, posture, and function.

A reduction in muscle strength and power, affecting the ability to perform physical tasks, treated with strength-building exercises, range of motion enhancement, and muscle activation modalities.

The bony prominences on either side of the ankle.

A skilled manual therapy technique involving a forceful passive thrust of a joint to its end range of motion.

Mobilization of soft tissues using techniques like stroking, kneading, and percussion.

An anatomical term for structures closest to the body’s midline.

The surgical removal of the knee joint’s meniscus.

The semi-circular shaped fibrocartilage in the knee joint that acts as a shock absorber and improves joint congruency.

The broader part near the end of a long bone.

The five bones in the foot located between the ankle and the toes, commonly injured in activities like soccer.

A general term for pain in the metatarsal region of the foot.

Microscopic tissue damage following physical exertion.

The ability to perform coordinated movements using muscle actions, with gross motor skills involving large muscles for major body movements and fine motor skills involving smaller muscles for precise actions.

A non-invasive imaging technique for visualizing body tissues, organs, and joints.

A diagnostic procedure using magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body, aiding in diagnosing sports injuries and other conditions.

Specialized tissue responsible for movement and locomotion, with contractile properties.

A condition where calcium deposits form in muscle tissue, often following internal bleeding in the muscle, such as a severe bruise or “dead leg.”

N

A feeling of discomfort in the stomach often associated with the urge to vomit. In physiotherapy, it can be a symptom of conditions like vestibular disorders or post-concussion syndrome, with interventions including vestibular rehabilitation and lifestyle modifications.

The expected results from physiotherapy for the neck may include enhanced mobility, reduced pain and stiffness, better posture,
stronger neck muscles, and improved functionality in daily activities.

A bundle of neurons that transmit signals between the brain, spinal cord, and body. Nerves are crucial for sensory information and motor commands in the musculoskeletal system. Physiotherapy for nerve issues may involve manual therapy, exercise, and electrotherapy to address conditions like neuropathic pain or muscle weakness.

A loss of sensation in a part of the body, typically due to nerve damage or compression, treated in physiotherapy with exercises, manual therapy, and other techniques to improve nerve function and restore normal sensation.

A durable synthetic rubber polymer with thermal insulating properties, commonly used in joint or muscle supports.

The formation of new blood vessels in abnormal tissue.

Cord-like structures comprising nerve cells that transmit impulses between the central nervous system and the body. Sensory nerves relay signals to the central nervous system, motor nerves control muscle contractions, and mixed nerves have both sensory and motor functions.

Pain resulting from a nerve issue.

Inflammation of nerve tissue, causing pain, potential weakness, or loss of sensation.

A medical specialist focusing on neurology.

The study of the nervous system and its diseases.

Pertaining to the relationship between nerves and muscles.

A term for disorders involving peripheral nerve dysfunction.

A condition where a fracture fails to heal properly, potentially requiring surgical intervention.

Medications that relieve pain, reduce fever, and have anti-inflammatory effects, such as aspirin and ibuprofen.

O

A therapy focused on assisting with physical changes during pregnancy, preparing for easier delivery, and aiding recovery postpartum.

Groin pain resulting from tissue damage and inflammation at the pelvis where the pubic bones meet.

The application of the ideal amount of weight or force to a muscle, joint, or body part, tailored to the current stage of recovery.

Devices placed inside shoes to support the feet, realign limbs, correct posture, and reduce strain on different body areas.

Measurable aspects of a patient’s condition, such as range of motion and strength, used for baseline assessments, tracking progress, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.

A condition where blood pressure drops suddenly upon standing, causing dizziness or fainting, addressed in physiotherapy with
cardiovascular function improvement exercises.

The measurable result of physiotherapy intervention on aspects like physical function, pain, range of motion, strength, and quality of life.

The repetitive or excessive use of a body part leading to tissue damage, inflammation, and pain, common in athletes and those with repetitive tasks.

The percentage of hemoglobin molecules in the blood bound with oxygen, used to monitor respiratory function in physiotherapy.

A medical doctor specializing in the treatment of musculoskeletal system conditions.

A medical specialty focusing on the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, and soft tissues.

A medical appliance used to improve function.

A shoe insert that supports the foot’s inner arch, available in custom-made or off-the-shelf varieties.

A professional who applies orthotic devices to improve functional abilities.

A common overuse injury affecting the upper shinbone below the knee, prevalent in adolescents engaged in sports.

A degenerative joint disease characterized by wear of joint surfaces, often resulting from overuse or secondary to trauma.

Cells in bone responsible for producing bone tissue.

A condition affecting bone attachment areas, common in children, marked by pain during bone degeneration and regeneration phases.

Cells in bone responsible for re-absorbing bone tissue.

A severe infection of the bone, often due to bacteria, requiring prompt antibiotic treatment.

A bone disease with decreased bone mineral density, leading to height loss, postural changes, and increased fracture risk.

Physical and emotional symptoms in athletes due to excessive training and insufficient rest, often leading to underperformance and a cycle of further overtraining.

An injury primarily caused by training volume that is too high or too frequent, especially with repetitive actions.

P

Exercises involving the contraction and relaxation of muscles supporting the pelvic and abdominal organs.

A condition where the muscles and ligaments supporting a woman’s pelvic organs weaken, causing them to drop out of their normal position.

The practice of using examination, diagnosis, and physical intervention to restore movement and function in individuals affected by injury, illness, or disability.

A condition common in runners causing stabbing pain and inflammation in the tissue connecting the heel bone to the front of the foot.

 Exercises performed after pregnancy to strengthen vital muscles and improve physical shape.

A specialized massage tailored to the needs of pregnant women to alleviate discomfort and physical symptoms.

Therapy aimed at maintaining fitness, comfort, and health during pregnancy, and managing pregnancy-related conditions.

Exercises designed to strengthen the pelvic floor and prepare for pregnancy-related physical and physiological changes.

Sciatic nerve pain caused by irritation or compression during pregnancy.

Treatment for organs that have fallen down or slipped out of place.

The study of the nature, causes, and effects of diseases and injuries, used in physiotherapy for diagnosis and treatment planning.

The ability to sense the position and movement of the body, often impaired after injury, and addressed in physiotherapy to restore balance mechanisms.

A subjective experience related to actual or potential tissue damage, used in physiotherapy as an indicator of dysfunction or injury.

A hands-on technique in physiotherapy for assessing the condition of tissues and identifying areas of pain or dysfunction.

The repetitive continuation of a movement or behavior beyond its intended purpose, often due to neurological impairments.

A comprehensive, individualized treatment plan in physiotherapy, outlining goals, interventions, and expected outcomes.

A thick band of tissue on the sole of the foot, often a focus in physiotherapy for conditions like plantar fasciitis.

A healthcare field specializing in foot, ankle, and lower extremity conditions, often involved in physiotherapy treatment plans.

Difficulty in executing smooth movements, often due to neurological, musculoskeletal, or developmental issues, addressed in
physiotherapy.

The period following surgery where physiotherapy aids in recovery, involving techniques to improve mobility and reduce pain.

The period following childbirth, with physiotherapy focusing on musculoskeletal recovery and pelvic floor rehabilitation.

Physiotherapy interventions before surgery to prepare the patient, including strength and flexibility exercises.

The force applied by a therapist or device to manipulate tissues, improve circulation, and promote healing.

The application of mechanical advantage in therapeutic exercises to optimize biomechanics and therapeutic outcomes.

The predicted outcome of a patient’s condition in physiotherapy, based on physical status and response to treatment.

The body’s ability to sense its position and movement, crucial for coordination and balance, often a focus in physiotherapy.

A technique to facilitate lung secretion drainage, used in respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis and COPD.

An organ secreting insulin for carbohydrate regulation, also involved in fat and protein digestion.

A sensation of pins and needles or prickling.

 The kneecap.

A degenerative condition of the patella tendon, often linked to overuse and aging, leading to potential tendon rupture.

The strong fibrous tissue connecting the quadriceps muscle to the shin bone, below the kneecap.

The joint between the kneecap and thigh bone, facilitating knee movement.

Misalignment of the kneecap during movement, causing stress on the patella’s underside and leading to pain.

The study of diseases, or tissue damage due to dysfunction or disease.

A byproduct of petroleum refining, used for treating skin issues and preventing friction in sports.

Pertaining to the normal functioning of a living body and its tissues.

The fibrous tissue on the foot’s sole, providing arch support.

The downward movement of the foot at the ankle joint.

A tissue fold or ridge, often in reference to anatomical structures.

A healthcare professional specializing in foot care.

The area behind the knee joint.

Referring to the back side of the body.

A key ligament in the knee, preventing backward movement of the shin bone relative to the thigh bone.

The ability to maintain balance and align body segments within the support base.

An acronym for Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation, a standard approach to injury treatment.

The inward rolling of the foot, often linked to flat feet and posturerelated issues.

The sensory system informing the brain about body position and movement for coordinated action. 

 Essential amino acid chains for body tissue development and repair, obtained from sources like meat and dairy.

An electrotherapy modality using electromagnetic fields for healing.

Q

The ‘quadriceps angle’ measures patellofemoral joint mechanics. It is the angle formed at the intersection of two lines: one from the front hip bone to the kneecap’s midpoint, and the other from the kneecap’s midpoint to the patella tendon insertion on the shin. A Q Angle over 15 degrees may increase the risk of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFP).

R

The separation or gap of the left and right abdominal muscles.

The process of lessening unhealthy substances in the body.

An exercise machine offering precise resistance training for alignment, core strength, and flexibility development.

Treatment to enhance recovery and restore normal function after surgery.

Activities or therapies aimed at relaxing the body’s muscles, joints, and organs.

A device designed to improve balance, proprioception, and posture.

A general term for disorders causing pain around the kneecap, common in athletes.

Describing a condition that repeatedly occurs, like a headache.

The process of being directed to another agency or specialist for further treatment or consultation.

The process of recovering and restoring a muscle, injury, body part, or physical health through a progression of exercises.

The palpable pulsation of the radial artery at the wrist, used to assess heart rate, rhythm, and upper extremity blood flow.

Pain that spreads from its origin to other body parts, often due to
nerve compression or irritation.

The extent of movement a joint or body part can achieve, measured in degrees from a starting to an end position.

An involuntary, rapid response to a stimulus, mediated by the nervous system without conscious control.

The force or load applied to a muscle or joint during physiotherapy exercises to improve strength, endurance, or range of motion.

The perception of sound in the absence of external auditory stimulus, treated in physiotherapy for underlying causes like muscle
tension or joint dysfunction.

Characteristics or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a particular condition or injury.

The rotational movement of a joint or body segment during physiotherapy assessment or treatment.

A group of four muscles and tendons stabilizing the shoulder joint, often a focus in physiotherapy for injuries.

An X-ray image.

A professional who prepares and produces X-ray films.

The production of X-ray films.

A doctor specializing in radiology and diagnostic imaging like X-ray, MRI, and CT scans.

The degree to which body tissues allow the passage of X-ray beams.

Pain felt in one body part but originating from dysfunction in another part.

A term for overuse soft tissue injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome, often due to repeated activities.

The surgical excision of a body structure.

A systemic disorder causing inflammation and degeneration in connective tissue, often affecting joints.

A doctor specializing in rheumatic disorders affecting joints and connective tissue.

An acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation, a common injury treatment approach.

Muscles primarily stabilizing the shoulder joint, including Supraspinatus, Subscapularis, Infraspinatus, and Teres Minor.

A complete tear of soft tissue.

S

A condition causing dull, aching pain in the tibia, the large bone in the front of the lower leg.

The partial displacement of the upper arm bone (humerus) from the shoulder socket, often snapping back into place.

Tenderness and swelling in the shoulder caused by the rotator cuff tendon rubbing against the shoulder blade (acromion).

A range of treatments involving gentle to firm massage-like techniques to address motion restrictions and circulation issues
caused by inactivity or tension.

Therapy to treat pelvic girdle pain during pregnancy.

Spiked PVC balls used in massage, relaxation exercises, hand therapy, and reflexology to improve circulation.

Large, inflatable balls used for various exercises.

Pain in the stiff joint connecting the two halves of the pelvis.

Pain that radiates down the back of the leg from the lower back, often accompanied by numbness or weakness.

The process of seeking physiotherapy treatment without a referral from another agency or medical professional.

Refers to the muscles, ligaments, and tendons surrounding joints and bones.

The coordinated movement pattern between the scapula and humerus during shoulder movement, crucial for proper shoulder
function.

A protective covering around tendons, nerves, or other structures, providing support and preventing injury.

The body’s outermost layer, providing a protective barrier and sensory input, assessed in physiotherapy for integrity and function.

A sudden movement or sensation during joint movement, often related to tendon or ligament movement over bones.

Discomfort or pain typically associated with muscle or tissue damage, inflammation, or overuse.

An injury where a ligament is stretched or torn, often due to a twisting movement, causing pain and limited joint motion.

Reduced range of motion and resistance to movement, often addressed in physiotherapy with stretching and strengthening exercises.

An injury to a muscle or tendon caused by overstretching or overuse.

Increasing muscle force-generating capacity through targeted exercises and activities.

The physical, emotional, and psychological distress experienced due to injury, illness, or disability.

The joint formed between the sacrum and the ilium bones of the pelvis, a potential source of lower back pain.

The bone at the spine’s base, formed by five fused vertebrae.

The shoulder blade.

Pain and altered sensation along the sciatic nerve path, often due to a lower back issue.

The system responsible for processing body position information and executing movement.

Painful conditions of the shin, often caused by stress fractures, medial tibial stress syndrome, tendinopathy, or compartment syndrome. Side Flexion: Bending to the side.

 Bending to the side.

Loosely organized bone forming around a fracture site.

Refers to skin, muscle, tendon, and ligament tissue in a musculoskeletal context.

A professional who performs ultrasound examinations.

A chronic disorder characterized by vertebral inflammation, causing stiffness and increased kyphosis.

Degeneration of the spine.

Forward slippage of one vertebra relative to an adjacent one, often due to a fracture or defect.

A tear or partial tear of ligament tissue surrounding a joint.

The joint between the sternum and clavicle.

A tear or partial tear of muscle tissue.

A subtle break in bone tissue due to overuse.

A brain-related problem caused by a blood vessel blockage or bleed, leading to brain tissue damage.

A partial dislocation of a joint.

Turning the palm of the hand upwards.

A joint connected by an interosseous membrane or ligament.

A fluid secreted by the synovial membrane, found in joint spaces, tendon sheaths, and bursa.

A freely movable joint lined by an articular capsule and a synovial membrane.

Inflammation of a synovial membrane, causing joint pain and swelling.

T

Elastic bands made of latex, used in physical therapy and strength training. They come in various colors to indicate different levels of resistance.

A small, square trampoline designed for exercise and fitness activities.

A technique in massage therapy or flexibility stretching targeting hyper-irritated spots in muscles that cause referred pain and stiffness to other body parts.

Strong, fibrous tissues connecting muscles to bones, like those along the calf muscles.

A partial or complete rupture of a muscle, tendon, or ligament, causing pain and limited movement, treated in physiotherapy with rest, ice, compression, elevation, exercises, and manual therapy.

Pain felt upon palpation, indicating inflammation or injury, used in physiotherapy to diagnose and guide treatment.

The state of being stretched or strained, leading to discomfort, addressed in physiotherapy with manual therapy, stretching, and strengthening exercises.

A sensation of prickling or ‘pins and needles,’ often indicative of nerve irritation or compression, treated with nerve gliding exercises and manual therapy.

The application of techniques and interventions to improve physical function, reduce pain, and promote health, including exercises, manual therapy, and modalities like heat or cold therapy.

Dysfunction in tendon tissue.

Collagen-based connective tissue linking muscles to bones. Tendonitis: Inflammation of a tendon.

Inflammation of a tendon.

A painful disorder of the outer elbow, involving inflammatory and degenerative changes at the extensor tendon attachment.

Inflammation of the sheath around a tendon.

A device providing pain relief through electrical stimulation of nerve endings.

A common term for a strain in the quadriceps muscles. Tibia: The shin bone.

The bony prominence on the upper part of the shin bone, the attachment area for the patella tendon and a common site for Osgood Schlatter’s disease.

The medical term for the windpipe.

Tissue damage and injury caused by force.

A unique hinge design patented by Mueller Sports Medicine Inc, used in specific knee braces to replicate the knee joint’s normal motion.

U

The involuntary loss of bladder control, leading to urine leakage.

 A localized area of tissue breakdown, often on the skin or mucous membrane, that does not heal properly. In physiotherapy, ulcers are treated with wound care techniques to promote healing and prevent infection.

The use of ultrasound technology to visualize internal body tissues.

The application of mechanical sound energy at frequencies above 20,000Hz for treating soft tissue injuries.

V

A condition involving recurrent or persistent involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles, making penetration difficult or impossible.

Persistent pain or discomfort in the skin around the vagina, often unexplained and characterized by sensations of burning or soreness.

The 24 individual bones that form the spine, providing structural support and protection for the spinal cord.

The process of air movement in and out of the lungs, often a focus in physiotherapy for improving lung function and respiratory muscle strength in conditions like COPD or cystic fibrosis.

An anatomical term describing a body part angled away from the midline of the body, such as a ‘knock-kneed’ knee position.

An anatomical term for a body part angled towards the midline of the body, such as a ‘bow-legged’ knee position.

The physiological narrowing of small blood vessels.

One of the 33 bones forming the spine, each consisting of a weight-bearing body and spinous processes for muscle attachment.

The series of separate bony segments constituting the spine.

W

A specialized therapy addressing issues related to obstetrics and gynecology, focusing on conditions and health concerns unique
to women.

A piece of equipment used in Pilates, designed for performing resistance exercises from various positions.

A term used to describe activities where force or weight is applied onto a muscle, joint, or part of the body, such as walking.

A decrease in muscle strength or power, impacting the ability to perform activities or movements. In physiotherapy, weakness is addressed through exercises and rehabilitation programs to enhance muscle function.

The degree of weight a patient can safely place on a particular body part or limb, crucial in planning physiotherapy treatments and exercises, especially for those with musculoskeletal or neurological conditions.

Treatment and rehabilitation of the wrist joint, encompassing assessment and management of conditions like sprains, strains, fractures, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Physiotherapy may include exercises, manual therapy, and education on ergonomics and injury prevention, aimed at improving wrist function and alleviating pain.

X

A diagnostic imaging technique that produces radiograph films, showing various body structures based on their radiolucency, which is their ability to block or pass x-ray beams.

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  • Aldgate East Physiotherapy
  • c/o Movement Labs East,
    78 Alie Street,
    London, E1 8PZ
    United Kingdom
  • Mon-Fri: 8am-8.30pm
    Sat+Sun: 9am-4pm
  • Farringdon Physiotherapy
  • c/o One Avenue Group,
    16 St John's Lane,
    London, EC1M 4BS
    United Kingdom
  • Mon-Fri: 8am-6.30pm
    Sat+Sun: CLOSED
  • King's Cross Physiotherapy
  • c/o HQ King's Cross,
    344-354 Grays Inn Road,
    London, WC1X 8BP
    United Kingdom
  • Mon-Fri: 8am-7pm
    Sat+Sun: CLOSED
  • Liverpool Street Physiotherapy
  • c/o Regus - London,
    63 St Mary Axe,
    London, EC3A 8AA
    United Kingdom
  • Mon-Fri: 8am-8.30pm
    Sat+Sun: CLOSED
  • London Bridge Physiotherapy
  • 5A Maltings Place,
    169 Tower Bridge Road,
    London, SE1 3JB
    United Kingdom
  • Mon-Fri: 8am-8.30pm
    Sat+Sun: 9am-4pm
  • Mayfair Physiotherapy
  • c/o Signature by Regus - London Berkeley Square,
    2nd Floor, Berkeley Square House,
    Berkeley Square, London, W1J 6BD
  • Mon-Fri: 8am-8.30pm
    Sat: 9am-4pm
    Sun: CLOSED
  • Shoreditch Physiotherapy
  • 75 Great Eastern Street,
    Shoreditch,
    London, EC2A 3HN
    United Kingdom
  • Mon-Fri: 8am-8.30pm
    Sat+Sun: 9am-4pm
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