Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis

Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis

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What is Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis?

  • Osteoarthritis of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint causes shoulder pain, especially during overhead and cross-body movements. Common in middle-aged individuals, it results from degeneration of the fibrocartilaginous disc that cushions the joint. Diagnosis involves history, physical examination, imaging, and anesthetic injection.

    • Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis Statistics

  • AC joint osteoarthritis accounts for ~20% of shoulder pain cases. A study found that 54-57% of elderly patients showed degenerative changes on X-rays. Source: PubMed

    • Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis Anatomy

  • The AC joint is a synovial joint connecting the clavicle and scapula.
  • It has a limited range of motion.
  • A fibrocartilage disk cushions the joint, similar to the knee's meniscus.
  • Degenerative changes begin in early adulthood.

    • Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis
    Signs & Symptoms

  • Pain during cross-body movements and overhead activities.
  • Localized superior shoulder pain.
  • Popping, clicking, or grinding sensations.
  • Difficulty with resistance training and certain sports activities.

    • Causes of Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis

  • Primary osteoarthritis due to constant joint stress.
  • Secondary osteoarthritis from trauma or diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Common in athletes involved in weightlifting and contact sports.

    • Risk Factors for Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis

  • Middle-aged individuals and older adults.
  • Occupations requiring repeated overhead lifting.
  • History of shoulder trauma or injuries.

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    Prevalence of Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis

  • AC joint osteoarthritis is more common than glenohumeral osteoarthritis but less common than other forms like knee or hip osteoarthritis.

    • Assessment & Diagnosis of Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis

  • Diagnosis involves history, physical exams, X-rays, and MRI.
  • The cross-over adduction test reproduces pain in the AC joint.
  • Anesthetic injections confirm AC joint involvement.

    • Rehabilitation & Physiotherapy for Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis

  • Pain management using electro-modalities and manual therapy.
  • Strengthening of the scapular stabilisers and rotator cuff.
  • Postural correction exercises.
  • Individualized treatment based on the grade of osteoarthritis.

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    Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis FAQs

    AC joint arthritis is the degeneration of the joint connecting the clavicle and scapula, leading to shoulder pain and limited movement, especially during overhead activities.

    AC joint arthritis is diagnosed through history, physical examination, and imaging like X-rays or MRI, sometimes confirmed with an anesthetic injection.

    Yes, non-surgical treatments include physical therapy, activity modification, and corticosteroid injections. Surgery is considered only if these methods fail.

    Acromioclavicular (AC) Arthritis References

  • Mall NA, et al. Degenerative joint disease of the acromioclavicular joint. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2013
  • Precerutti M, et al. Acromioclavicular osteoarthritis and shoulder pain. Journal of Ultrasound. 2020
  • Radiopedia: AC joint osteoarthritis

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