What Are the Common Causes of Knee Pain?
- Published on
- Kurt Johnson
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Introduction: Understanding Knee Pain and Its Impact
Knee pain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints, affecting individuals of all ages and lifestyles. Whether caused by sudden trauma, chronic conditions, or lifestyle factors, knee pain can significantly impact mobility, productivity, and quality of life.
According to research, one in four adults experiences knee pain at some point, making it a prevalent issue among corporate professionals, athletes, and individuals recovering from surgery (source).
This article explores the most common causes of knee pain and how professional knee pain physiotherapy in London can help alleviate discomfort and restore function.
Acute Injuries: Ligament Tears, Fractures, and Sprains
1. Ligament Tears (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL Injuries)
The knee contains four key ligaments—Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), and Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)—which provide stability. High-impact activities, such as football, skiing, or sudden directional changes, often lead to ligament tears.
Symptoms:
- Sudden, sharp pain
- Swelling within hours
- Knee instability or buckling
Treatment:
- Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation – Strengthening surrounding muscles to compensate for instability
- Bracing & Mobility Support – To protect the knee during recovery
- Post-Surgical Rehabilitation – For severe tears requiring reconstruction
2. Knee Fractures
Knee fractures, particularly patella (kneecap) fractures, result from high-impact trauma, such as falls or car accidents. This injury requires immediate medical attention to prevent complications.
Symptoms:
- Severe pain and swelling
- Inability to bear weight
- Visible deformity
Treatment:
- Immobilisation & Physiotherapy – Gradual movement restoration post-healing
- Surgical Intervention – Required in severe cases to reconstruct bone structure
3. Sprains and Strains
Minor ligament sprains or muscle strains from overuse or sudden twisting motions can lead to knee discomfort.
Treatment:
- Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (RICE)
- Manual therapy & strength training to restore movement and prevent recurrence
Chronic Conditions: Osteoarthritis, Tendonitis, and Bursitis
1. Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of chronic knee pain, affecting over 8 million people in the UK (source). It results from cartilage wear and tear, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
Symptoms:
- Gradual onset of pain
- Morning stiffness
- Swelling and joint tenderness
Treatment:
- Physiotherapy for Joint Support – Strengthening surrounding muscles to offload pressure from the joint
- Shockwave Therapy & Manual Techniques – To reduce stiffness and improve movement
- Lifestyle & Weight Management – Excess body weight can exacerbate OA symptoms
2. Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper’s Knee)
Repetitive stress from jumping or running can inflame the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone.
Symptoms:
- Pain at the front of the knee
- Worsens with activity
- Localised tenderness
Treatment:
- Eccentric Strengthening Exercises – To strengthen the tendon and reduce pain
- Soft Tissue Release Therapy – To relieve tension
- Load Management Strategies – Adjusting activity levels to avoid overuse
3. Bursitis
Bursitis occurs when fluid-filled sacs around the knee (bursae) become inflamed due to repetitive kneeling, direct trauma, or infection.
Symptoms:
- Swelling and warmth over the knee
- Localised pain that worsens with movement
Treatment:
- Physiotherapy & Anti-Inflammatory Techniques – Manual therapy to reduce swelling
- Activity Modification – Avoiding repetitive stressors
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Lifestyle & Overuse Factors: Poor Posture, Excessive Weight, and Repetitive Strain
1. Poor Posture & Biomechanical Issues
Misalignment in the hips, lower back, or ankles can increase stress on the knees, leading to chronic pain and dysfunction.
Common Causes:
- Flat feet or high arches
- Knock-knees or bowlegs
- Weak gluteal or quadriceps muscles
Treatment:
- Gait Analysis & Postural Correction – Identifying misalignment issues
- Strength & Mobility Training – Correcting muscular imbalances
2. Excessive Weight & Its Impact on Knee Health
Every extra kilogram of body weight places four additional kilograms of pressure on the knee joint. Studies show that losing just 5% of body weight can significantly reduce knee pain symptoms (source).
Treatment:
- Weight Management Programmes – Tailored physiotherapy and exercise plans
- Low-Impact Training – Swimming and cycling to maintain fitness without straining joints
3. Repetitive Strain Injuries
Repetitive movements, such as long hours of sitting, improper running techniques, or excessive stair climbing, can contribute to knee pain over time.
Treatment:
- Ergonomic Adjustments – Workplace and home modifications to reduce strain
- Stretching & Strengthening Regimens – Targeted exercise programmes for long-term relief
Diagnosis & Treatment: How Physiotherapy Can Identify and Treat These Issues
1. Comprehensive Knee Assessment
- Movement Analysis & Strength Testing
- Gait & Posture Evaluation
- Functional Mobility Assessments
2. Personalised Physiotherapy Treatment Plans
- Manual Therapy & Joint Mobilisation
- Exercise Rehabilitation & Strength Training
- Dry Needling & Soft Tissue Therapy
- Shockwave Therapy for Chronic Pain Relief
Book a Knee Pain Assessment in London
Ignoring knee pain can lead to long-term complications and mobility limitations. If you are experiencing persistent knee discomfort, One Body LDN offers expert knee pain physiotherapy in London tailored to your specific needs.
👉 Book a Free Assessment Today and take the first step towards pain-free movement.
Knee Pain Treatment FAQs
How do I know if my knee pain is serious?
If you experience swelling, persistent pain, instability, or limited range of motion, seek professional assessment immediately.
Can physiotherapy help avoid knee surgery?
Yes, early intervention with targeted physiotherapy can prevent the need for surgery in many cases.
How long does physiotherapy take to relieve knee pain?
Most patients see improvements within 4–8 weeks, depending on the severity of their condition.
Does private insurance cover knee physiotherapy?
Yes, Bupa, AXA PPP, Cigna, WPA, and Healix cover knee physiotherapy. Check your policy for specific details.
How can I book an appointment?
Simply call our clinic or book online for a free knee pain assessment with our expert physiotherapists.
(Disclaimer: The information in this post is for educational purposes only and does not replace personalised medical advice. Always consult a qualified professional for specific guidance on diagnosis and treatment.)
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